SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)?
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), also known as spinocellular carcinoma or spinalioma, is the second most common type of skin cancer. SCC is characterised by the abnormal growth of squamous cells in the skin, often triggered by DNA damage due to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Early diagnosis is crucial, as most cases of SCC are treatable when detected promptly.
What Are Squamous Cells?
Squamous cells are one of the three main cell types in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. These flat cells are located near the surface and continually regenerate. SCC occurs when DNA damage, often caused by UV exposure, leads to abnormal changes in these cells.
Symptoms and Appearance of SCC
Squamous cell carcinoma may present as:
Red, scaly patches.
Open sores.
Rough, thickened, or wart-like skin.
Raised growths with a central depression.
Lesions that crust, itch, or bleed.
These lesions typically develop on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, scalp, neck, and hands, but can also occur in other regions, including the genitals.
Dangers of SCC
If left untreated, SCC lesions can become disfiguring and even life-threatening, as they may invade deeper layers of the skin and spread to other parts of the body.
Risk Factors for SCC
Several factors increase the risk of developing SCC, including:
Prolonged UV exposure from the sun or tanning beds.
Weakened immune system.
History of skin cancer.
Age over 50.
Fair skin, blonde or red hair, and light-coloured eyes.
Male gender (more common in men).
Photosensitivity conditions like xeroderma pigmentosum.
Pre-cancerous lesions, such as actinic keratosis.
History of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Warning Signs to Watch For
Be alert to the following signs:
Thickened, rough, or scaly patches.
Sores that do not heal.
Wart-like growths.
Raised lumps with a central depression.
Prevention and Monitoring
To reduce the risk of SCC, take the following precautions:
Use broad-spectrum sunscreen and wear protective clothing and sunglasses.
Avoid tanning beds.
Perform regular skin self-examinations and visit a dermatologist at least once a year.
Treatment Options for SCC
Treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma include:
Curettage and Electrodessication.
Surgical Excision.
Mohs Surgery.
Cryosurgery.
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