Dr Andrea Menozzi

Dr Andrea Menozzi

segreteria@drandreamenozzi.com

+393396981618

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

 

Basal cell carcinoma, also known as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or basocellular carcinoma, is a skin tumor originating from the malignant transformation of cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis. Unlike melanoma, which is very aggressive and spreads rapidly, basal cell carcinoma tends to remain localized and rarely metastasizes (0.003-0.5% of cases).

 

Spread of Basal Cell Carcinoma

 

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of non-melanoma skin cancers in Italy. It is more frequent in individuals with fair skin and occurs mainly after the age of 40, with a higher incidence in men than in women.

 

Symptoms of Basal Cell Carcinoma

 

In the early stages, basal cell carcinoma may be asymptomatic. Signs that may indicate the presence of basal cell carcinoma include:

  • Persistent erythema that spreads (erythematous form)

  • Pink nodule (nodular form)

  • Non-healing wound (ulcerated form)

  • Raised spot (plaque form)

  • Irregular scar (sclerodermiform form)

It is important to monitor any changes on the skin, especially wounds that do not heal and tend to bleed.

 

Causes of Basal Cell Carcinoma

 

The main causes of basal cell carcinoma include:

  • Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays (UVA and UVB)

  • Use of tanning beds and sunlamps

  • Contact with arsenic

  • Exposure to ionizing radiation

  • Immune system deficiency

  • Psoriasis treatments

  • Genetic predisposition

Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma

 

The diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is made through:

  • Dermatological visit

  • Epiluminescence (dermatoscopy)

  • Biopsy

Epiluminescence is a non-invasive technique that allows detailed observation of skin lesions. Biopsy, on the other hand, consists of taking a small tissue sample for analysis.

 

Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma

 

The treatment of basal cell carcinoma depends on the stage of the tumor and includes:

  • Surgery: removal of the tumor under local anesthesia.

  • Curettage and Electrodesiccation: scraping of the lesion and subsequent destruction of residual tumor cells.

  • Mohs Surgery: layer-by-layer removal of tissue, with microscopic analysis.

  • Superpulsed CO2 Laser Therapy: destruction of tumor tissue with the laser.

  • Cryotherapy: application of liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy the tumor.

  • Topical treatments: application of chemotherapeutic or immunostimulant drugs in cream form.

  • Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): use of photosensitizing drugs followed by exposure to a specific light.

  • Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy: rarely used and reserved for advanced cases.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Prevention

 

The prevention of basal cell carcinoma is mainly based on protection from UV rays:

  • Avoid sun exposure during the hottest hours.

  • Use high-protection sunscreen creams.

  • Wear hats and sunglasses.

  • Avoid tanning beds and sun lamps.

  • Perform regular self-examinations of the skin.

Skin Self-Examination

 

During self-examination, pay attention to:

  • Asymmetry: irregularly shaped spots.

  • Color: color variations in moles or spots.

  • Borders: irregular or jagged borders.

  • Dynamics: changes in color, shape, size, or thickness.

In case of suspicion, it is essential to consult a dermatologist for a professional evaluation.

 

For more information or to book a visit

Dr Andrea Menozzi

segreteria@drandreamenozzi.com

+393396981618