SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Introduction to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, also known as spinocellular carcinoma or spinalioma, is the second most common form of skin cancer. This type of carcinoma is characterized by abnormal growth of the squamous cells of the skin, often triggered by DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. Early diagnosis is essential, as most cases of SCC are curable if treated promptly.
What is a Squamous Cell?
Squamous cells are one of the three main types of cells found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. These flat cells are located near the surface and constantly change to renew themselves. SCC develops when DNA damage, often caused by UV rays, leads to abnormal changes in these cells.
Symptoms and Appearance of SCC
Squamous cell carcinoma can present as:
Red scaly patches
Open sores
Rough, thickened or wart-like skin
Raised growths with a central depression
Lesions that form crusts, itch or bleed
Lesions generally appear on areas of the body most exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, scalp, neck, and hands. However, they can also occur in other areas, including the genitals.
Danger of SCC
If left untreated, SCC lesions can become disfiguring and even fatal, as they can invade deeper layers of the skin and spread to other parts of the body.
Risk Factors
Several factors increase the risk of developing SCC:
Prolonged exposure to UV rays from the sun or tanning beds
Weak immune system
History of skin cancer
Age over 50 years
Fair skin, blond or red hair, light eyes
Male sex (more common in men)
Photosensitivity conditions such as xeroderma pigmentosum
Pre-cancerous lesions such as actinic keratosis
History of human papillomavirus (HPV)
Warning Signs
Pay attention to:
Thickened, rough, scaly areas
Sores that do not heal
Wart-like growths
Bumps with a central depression
Prevention and Control
Protect yourself from UV rays with sunscreen, protective clothing, and sunglasses
Avoid the use of tanning beds
Perform regular self-examinations of the skin and consult a dermatologist at least once a year
Treatments for SCC
Treatment options for SCC include:
Curettage and electrodessication
Excision procedure
Mohs technique
Cryosurgery